Fixed-term

Deciphering the evolution of male sexual ornaments and female preference in stalk-eyed flies

Details The selected candidate will conduct cutting-edge research to investigate the evolution of male sexual ornaments and the role of female preference in shaping these traits. The project aims to unravel the underlying genomic, physiological, and behavioural mechanisms driving the elaborate displays, ornaments, and courtship behaviors observed in diverse species. Sexual selection is a powerful agent of evolution, responsible for some of the most striking traits in the animal kingdom. Many of these sexual traits are highly exaggerated, particularly in males, and are thought to have evolved as honest signals of male quality. Females then use these traits to decide who to mate and produce offspring with. Establishing how these traits arise is vital to understanding how and why the diversity of life is established and maintained. This project will study the evolution of male ornaments and female preferences using stalk-eyed flies. Stalk-eyed flies are a classic model of sexual selection as they exhibit highly-exaggerated eye-stalks, with males often having an eye span greater than their body length. Females prefer to mate with males with longer eye spans as it is an honest indicator of male quality. Specific questions and approaches taken can be tailored to the particular interests of the student, but objectives could include: (1) Applying cutting-edge genomic methods to study the development and evolution of honest male ornaments across numerous species (2) Develop innovative gene knockout techniques to identify the genes that produce honest traits (3) Design and execute laboratory experiments, such as experimental evolution and behavioural assays, to understand how sexual selection acts on honest traits and female preferences (4) Collaborate with neurobiologists to gain a deeper understanding of female preference and evolution of the brain and visual system The Team The PhD student will be joining a productive and collaborative research group in the School of Biosciences at the University of Sheffield. There will be many opportunities to collaborate with ongoing work in the lab. For more details see http://www.alisonewright.co.uk. Applicants are strongly encouraged to contact Dr Alison Wright, the lead supervisor, for more details on the group, project and facilities (a.e.wright@sheffield.ac.uk). Please apply for this project using this link: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/postgraduate/phd/apply/applying References www.alisonewright.co.uk Apply Now

How do plants reduce leaf growth at low humidity

Details Short spells of hot dry air can cause fast desiccation of crop land, devastating crop yields. These ‘flash droughts’ are becoming more prevalent as the climate crisis worsens. This project will examine how the model plant, Arabidopsis, changes its canopy to cope with this kind of low humidity. At low humidity, plants produce smaller leaves with fewer stomata (pores) to prevent water loss, helping the plant survive. You will explore whether this reduction in leaf growth is due to hydraulic constraints on photosynthesis (closing stomata prevents CO2 uptake) or changes in growth regulating hormones such as abscisic acid, gibberellin, auxin and ethylene. You will work closely with Dr Jim Rowe, an expert in plant stress biology, molecular biology, imaging and image analysis and to learn modern research techniques, experimental design and data analysis methods. In this project, you will use the following techniques: Cutting edge microscopy (confocal and FRET) to image biosensors to detect hormone and sugar concentrations Raspberry pi cameras to track leaf growth over time in a variety of mutants Stomatal impressions and microscopy to count stomata Image analysis to measure stomatal number, leaf size and hormone concentrations Photosynthesis/water loss measurement Stress response assays Molecular biology and genetics 3D printing Microcontroller usage Lab Culture A culture of respect, dignity and safety and are at the heart of the Rowe research group. We believe that by helping each other, and fostering a collaborative, open team, we help each other achieve our goals. Diverse teams are not only fairer, but also more effective (e.g. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07634-8) and we hope that anyone would feel welcome in the Rowe group. Before starting his group, Jim spent six years sitting on the SLCU Equality, Diversity and Inclusion committee, leading the Careers and Development committee. Candidate A good undergraduate honours degree in a relevant science subject is required. Any further research stays, publications or experience with imaging, plant growth / physiology, molecular biology, 3D printing, electronics or programming experience would be looked on favourably. The ideal candidate would have a thirst for knowledge, enthusiasm for plant science research and be eager to try or develop new techniques. Application For more information on the project/lab/university, candidates should email Dr Jim Rowe, but all applications should be through the web portal at https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/postgraduate/phd/apply/applying . Candidates should include a 2-page CV and a 1-page personal statement and explaining their experience and interest in the project. Funding Notes There is no funding allocated to this project and so the applicant would need to secure their own external funding in order to apply. References https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/biosciences/people/academic-staff/jim-rowe Apply Now

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