Exploring the potential benefits of novel very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements for dry eye

Summary

Dry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, multifactorial condition characterised by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and inflammation of the ocular surface (Jones et al., 2025). It is highly prevalent and can significantly impact quality of life. Although current treatments, including artificial tears and topical anti-inflammatory agents, provide relief for some patients, a substantial proportion remain symptomatic, highlighting the need for more effective strategies (Downie & Keller, 2015).

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have previously been investigated as a potential intervention for DED, with human studies suggesting beneficial effects on both signs and symptoms (Downie et al., 2019). More recently, attention has turned to very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs), a subclass of fatty acids containing hydrocarbon chains of ≥24 carbons. VLCPUFAs are synthesised endogenously from long-chain PUFAs via elongation of very long chain fatty acid (ELOVL) proteins (Agbaga et al., 2010) and are predominantly found in specialised tissues such as the retina, brain, and testis (He et al., 2021).

Emerging preclinical evidence suggests that VLCPUFAs play an important role in maintaining ocular health and function (McMahon et al., 2007; Nagaraja et al., 2021). However, their therapeutic potential in dry eye disease has not yet been fully explored.

This MRes project aims to investigate the efficacy of a novel VLCPUFA supplement in the management of dry eye disease. The study will evaluate both objective clinical outcomes and subjective patient-reported symptoms, to determine whether VLCPUFAs represent a novel approach to the management of dry eye.

Objectives of the research:

• Conduct a systematic review on the health benefits of very long chain marine-derived lipids and ocular health.
• Conduct a human intervention study to assess the efficacy of a very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement on signs and symptoms of dry eye.

Methods to be used:

A parallel randomized controlled human intervention study will be conducted in adults (18-75 yrs) with dry eye. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of two intervention groups: (I) Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids or (ii) a placebo supplement group. Pre and post intervention analysis will include ophthalmic assessment, lifestyle and anthropometric assessments along with the biochemical analysis of human biological samples for markers of inflammation. Statistical analysis of large data sets along with report writing will be integral to its success.

Essential criteria

Applicants should hold, or expect to obtain, a First or Upper Second Class Honours Degree in a subject relevant to the proposed area of study.

We may also consider applications from those who hold equivalent qualifications, for example, a Lower Second Class Honours Degree plus a Master’s Degree with Distinction.

In exceptional circumstances, the University may consider a portfolio of evidence from applicants who have appropriate professional experience which is equivalent to the learning outcomes of an Honours degree in lieu of academic qualifications.

• Sound understanding of subject area as evidenced by a comprehensive research proposal
• A comprehensive and articulate personal statement

Desirable Criteria

If the University receives a large number of applicants for the project, the following desirable criteria may be applied to shortlist applicants for interview.

• First Class Honours (1st) Degree
• Practice-based research experience and/or dissemination
• Experience using research methods or other approaches relevant to the subject domain
• Publications record appropriate to career stage
• Experience of presentation of research findings

Equal Opportunities

The University is an equal opportunities employer and welcomes applicants from all sections of the community, particularly from those with disabilities.

Appointment will be made on merit.

Funding and eligibility

This opportunity is open to all applicants.

The tuition fee for international and EU (excluding ROI) candidates is £19,040 for 2026/27.

Studentship funding is available to UK and ROI applicants, as follows:

• MRes studentships will be available to top ranked candidates to cover tuition fees and a Research Training Support Grant of £900.
• All applicants to the project will be considered automatically for an MRes studentship.
• Applicants who do not receive a studentship but meet admission requirements may be offered admission on a self-funded basis.
• Applicants who already hold an MRes or a doctoral degree or who have been registered on a programme of research leading to the award of an MRes or doctoral degree are NOT eligible to apply for funding.
• Applicants who hold or who are registered on a taught Master’s degree are eligible to apply.