Genome-wide analysis of genetic alterations in prostate cells in response to soy chemicals

Overview

Soybeans contain isoflavones which are a primary source of phytoestrogens in the human diet [1]. Based on epidemiological data from Japan, consumption of soy has been proposed to reduce the incidence of breast and prostate cancers [2, 3]. It is not clear if genistein, the major soy chemical, or other isoflavonoids or one or more metabolites of chemicals in soy or a combination are the active agents in soy. The contribution of soy metabolites to disease prevention, e.g. regarding human prostate cancer, remains to be elucidated. A fundamental gap exists in understanding the benefits and health risks associated with this important food source. This project will provide novel insights into transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations and allow a better understanding of how soy metabolites influence protective mechanisms that integrate genetic and epigenetic interactions pertinent to human disease. Primary human prostate epithelial and mesenchyme cells will be used as a model. Genistein, the major soy chemical, is considered to be a prime candidate for the beneficial effects of soy consumption [2, 3]. However, genistein and other soy chemicals are metabolized before entering the general circulation. Thus, it may be that a genistein metabolite or one or more metabolites of other chemicals in soy or a combination are the active protective agents in soy. This concern arises because it is possible for humans to achieve genistein levels that are over 10-fold higher through consumption of genistein tablets, which are widely available as a nutritional supplement in health food stores. The continued existence of this gap of knowledge represents an important medical problem because until it is filled understanding the long term risks associated with soy consumption will remain unknown.

The primary goal is to examine gene expression patterns relevant to prostate cancer and investigate the global effects of soy metabolites on the prostate transcriptome. Data generated during this project will be analyzed in the context of publicly available prostate cancer data (e.g. TCGA). The project’s multidisciplinary approach provides an excellent opportunity for training in various aspects of molecular biology, prostate cancer and advanced environmental and risk assessment analysis. Moreover, it provides an exceptional opportunity for research training in Northern Ireland whereby the successful candidate will work collaboratively across disciplines to generate new insights that transcend traditional boundaries. The project will combine aspects of prostate cancer biology, plant biology, genetics, bioinformatics and systems biology. Consequently, subject-specific training will be offered in each of these areas. This will comprise a mix of appropriate postgraduate level training (e.g. molecular biology, bioinformatics, genetics, biogeochemistry, computer science) and ‘hands on’ training in the advanced systems level methods used.

All applicants must meet the academic entry requirements: https://www.qub.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate-research/biological-sciences-phd.html#entry

References

Mitchell JH, Cawood E, Kinniburgh D, Provan A, Collins AR, Irvine DS (June 2001). “Effect of a phytoestrogen food supplement on reproductive health in normal males”. Clin. Sci. 100 (6): 613–8. doi:10.1042/CS20000212. PMID 11352776.

Adlercreutz H, Mazur W (1997) Phyto-oestrogens and Western diseases. Anal Med 29, 95-120.

Morrisey C, Watson RW (2003) Phytoestroens and prostate cancer. Curr Drug Targets 4, 231-241

Supervisor

Professor Gary Hardiman

Entrance requirements

Graduate
The minimum academic requirement for admission to a research degree programme is normally an Upper Second Class Honours degree in a relevant subject from a UK or ROI HE provider, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University. Further information can be obtained by contacting the School.

International Students

For information on international qualification equivalents, please check the specific information for your country.

English Language Requirements

Evidence of an IELTS* score of 6.5, with not less than 5.5 in any component, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University is required (*taken within the last 2 years).

International students wishing to apply to Queen’s University Belfast (and for whom English is not their first language), must be able to demonstrate their proficiency in English in order to benefit fully from their course of study or research. Non-EEA nationals must also satisfy UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) immigration requirements for English language for visa purposes.

For more information on English Language requirements for EEA and non-EEA nationals see: www.qub.ac.uk/EnglishLanguageReqs.

If you need to improve your English language skills before you enter this degree programme, INTO Queen’s University Belfast offers a range of English language courses. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for admission to this degree.

Tuition Fees

Northern Ireland (NI) 1 – £5,238

Republic of Ireland (ROI) 2 – £5,238

England, Scotland or Wales (GB) 1 – £5,238

EU Other 3 – £28,000

International – £28,000

1 EU citizens in the EU Settlement Scheme, with settled or pre-settled status, are expected to be charged the NI or GB tuition fee based on where they are ordinarily resident, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly Student Fees Regulations. Students who are ROI nationals resident in GB are expected to be charged the GB fee, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.

2 It is expected that EU students who are ROI nationals resident in ROI will be eligible for NI tuition fees. The tuition fee set out above is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.

3 EU Other students (excludes Republic of Ireland nationals living in GB, NI or ROI) are charged tuition fees in line with international fees.

All tuition fees quoted relate to a single year of study unless stated otherwise. All fees will be subject to an annual inflationary increase, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

More information on postgraduate tuition fees.

Biological Sciences costs

Students may incur additional costs for small items of clothing and/or equipment necessary for lab or field work

Additional course costs

All Students

Depending on the programme of study, there may also be other extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies . Students can borrow books and access online learning resources from any Queen’s library. If students wish to purchase recommended texts, rather than borrow them from the University Library, prices per text can range from £30 to £100. Students should also budget between £30 to £100 per year for photocopying, memory sticks and printing charges. Students may wish to consider purchasing an electronic device; costs will vary depending on the specification of the model chosen. There are also additional charges for graduation ceremonies, and library fines. In undertaking a research project students may incur costs associated with transport and/or materials, and there will also be additional costs for printing and binding the thesis. There may also be individually tailored research project expenses and students should consult directly with the School for further information.

Bench fees

Some research programmes incur an additional annual charge on top of the tuition fees, often referred to as a bench fee. Bench fees are charged when a programme (or a specific project) incurs extra costs such as those involved with specialist laboratory or field work. If you are required to pay bench fees they will be detailed on your offer letter. If you have any questions about Bench Fees these should be raised with your School at the application stage. Please note that, if you are being funded you will need to ensure your sponsor is aware of and has agreed to fund these additional costs before accepting your place.

How do I fund my study?

1.PhD Opportunities

Find PhD opportunities and funded studentships by subject area.

2.Funded Doctoral Training Programmes

We offer numerous opportunities for funded doctoral study in a world-class research environment. Our centres and partnerships, aim to seek out and nurture outstanding postgraduate research students, and provide targeted training and skills development.

3.PhD loans

The Government offers doctoral loans of up to £26,445 for PhDs and equivalent postgraduate research programmes for English- or Welsh-resident UK and EU students.

4.International Scholarships

Information on Postgraduate Research scholarships for international students.

How to Apply

Apply using our online Postgraduate Applications Portal and follow the step-by-step instructions on how to apply.

Find a supervisor

If you’re interested in a particular project, we suggest you contact the relevant academic before you apply, to introduce yourself and ask questions.

To find a potential supervisor aligned with your area of interest, or if you are unsure of who to contact, look through the staff profiles linked here.

You might be asked to provide a short outline of your proposal to help us identify potential supervisors.